Abstract: Objective To investigate CT findings of peripheral lung cancer and tuberculoma misdiagnosed as peripheral lung cancer.  Methods From January 2010 to January 2014, 468 patients with confirmed peripheral lung cancer and 58 patients misdiagnosed as peripheral lung cancer were enrolled in the third affiliated hospital of SUN Yat-sen University. The shape, density, features of enhancement, margin, adjacent lymph nodes and satellite lesions were analyzed retrospectively. The statistical software package SPSS version 20.0 for Windows was used for the statistical analysis. Differences were considered to be statistically significant when P<0.05. Results The mean diameter of tuberculoma (3.37±1.23 cm) was similar to that of peripheral lung cancer (3.52±1.37 cm) (t=1.32，P=0.32). Compared with peripheral lung cancer with gravel-like calcification, smooth edge and satellite lesions(5.13% (24/468), 8.97% (42/468), 10.47% (49/468), respectively) were more commonly found than those of tuberculoma (27.59% (16/58), 15.52% (9/58), 48.28% (28/58), respectively)（χ²=37.04，P<0.01；χ²=15.23，P<0.01；χ²=59.23，P<0.01）. Rough edge and pleural indentation were more commonly seen in peripheral lung cancer (91.03%（426/468）, 25.00%（117/468）, respectively） than those of tuberculoma(84.48%（49/58）,8.62%（5/58）,respectively）（χ²=15.23，P<0.01；χ²=7.77，P<0.01）.  Conclusion Gravel-like calcification, smooth edge and satellite lesions are more commonly found in tuberculoma misdiagnosed as peripheral lung cancer, while rough edge and pleural indentation are more commonly seen in peripheral lung cancer.

Key words: Tuberculosis, pulmonary/diagnosis, Tuberculoma/diagnosis, Lung neoplasms, Tomography, X-ray computed, Diagnostic errors